Gota úrica visceral em bobo-pequeno (Puffinus puffinus) no sul do Brasil / Visceral gout uric in manx shearwater (Puffinus puffinus) in Southern of Brazil

A gota úrica visceral é uma doença que acomete répteis, aves e mamíferos. Caracteriza-se por depósitos de cristais de urato e ácido úrico em diferentes órgãos da região visceral. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um caso de gota úrica visceral em um indivíduo de bobo-pequeno (Puffinus puffinus) encontrado morto no litoral norte de Santa Catarina, sul do Brasil. No período de 20 de agosto de 2015 a 20 de abril de 2016, as praias dos municípios de Araquari, Barra do Sul, São Francisco do Sul e Itapoá foram monitoradas diariamente para o registro e a recuperação de tetrápodes marinhos mortos, incluindo aves marinhas. Foram encontrados e necropsiados 84 indivíduos. Um deles apresentou o pericárdio aderido ao miocárdio e com a coloração esbranquiçada. Os rins, o fígado e os pulmões continham inúmeros pontos esbranquiçados. A ocorrência dessa patologia na espécie foi de 1,19%. Trata-se do primeiro relato de bobo-pequeno com gota úrica visceral encontrado no Brasil.(AU)

Visceral gout uric is a disease that affects reptiles, birds and mammals. It is characterized by urate crystal deposits and uric acid in different organs of visceral region. The objective of this study was to report a case of visceral urica drop in a manx shearwater individual (Puffinus puffinus) found dead on the north coast of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. In the period from 20 August 2015 and 20 April 2016, beaches in the municipalities of Araquari, Barra do Sul, São Francisco do Sul and Itapoá, were monitored daily for the registration and recovery of dead marine tetrapods, including seabirds. Eighty-four were found and necropsied. One of them was whitish in color and had the pericardium adhered to the myocardium. The kidneys, liver and lungs contained numerous whitish dots. The occurrence of this disease in the species was 1.19%. This is the first manx shearwater report with visceral urica drop found in Brazil.(AU)

Avaliação econômica da terminação de bovinos de corte em pastagem irrigada / Economic evaluation of finishing beef cattle on irrigated pasture

Foi avaliada a viabilidade econômica de três sistemas de produção por meio da mensuração dos custos de produção e da análise dos indicadores financeiros. Os três sistemas (S1, S2 e S3), situados na fronteira oeste do Rio Grande do Sul, foram avaliados no período de outubro de 2010 a outubro de 2011. A pastagem estabelecida no S1 foi de azevém (Lolium multiflorumLam)e trevo branco (Trifolium repensLam); no S2, trevo branco, trevo vermelho (Trifolium pratenseLam), cornichão (Lotus corniculatusLam), azevém e aveia preta (Avena strigosaSchreb); e no S3, azevém, cornichão, trevo branco e trevo vermelho. Os animais foram pesados na entrada e na saída das pastagens. A coleta de dados para mensuração do custo foi realizada mensalmente utilizando-se planilhas apropriadas. As produtividades foram de 369, 772 e 637kg/ha para os sistemas S1, S2 e S3, respectivamente. O S2 apresentou o maior custo total (R$ 2.101,59/ha), enquanto o menor foi obtido pelo S1 (R$ 1.626,93/ha). Na análise do custo operacional médio dos três sistemas, os itens que apresentaram maiores valores foram a implantação de pastagem, a energia elétrica, a manutenção da pastagem e a depreciação. Quanto às margens, os sistemas S1, S2 e S3 apresentaram, respectivamente, R$ 33,46, 1.162,55 e 701,01/ha para margem bruta; R$ -63,51, 955,40 e 541,05/ha para margem operacional; e R$ -583,18, 291,61 e -28,99/ha para lucro total. A rentabilidade foi de -0,47, 4,37 e 3,01% e a lucratividade foi de -5,94, 39,92 e 27,38% para o S1, S2 e S3, respectivamente. A irrigação de pastagens para terminação de bovinos é viável economicamente, no entanto a sua adoção deve sempre visar a altas produtividades zootécnicas devido ao seu elevado custo de produção.

The economic viability of three systems of production was evaluated through the measurement of costs and analysis of financial indicators. The three systems (S1, S2 and S3), located on the Western Border of Rio Grande do Sul, were evaluated from October 2010 to October 2011. The pasture established is S1 was ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) and white clover (Trifolium repens Lam), in S2, white clover, red clover (Trifolium pratense Lam), Bird's-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus Lam), ryegrass and oats (Avena strigosa Schreb), and in S3, ryegrass, birdsfoot trefoil, white clover and red clover. The animals were weighed before and after the pastures. Data collection was conducted monthly, using spreadsheets suitable for the measurement of production cost. Productivities were 369, 772 and 637 kg/ha for systems S1, S2 and S3, respectively. S2 had the highest total cost (R$ 2101.59/ha), while the lower was obtained by S1 (R$ 1626.93/ha). In the analysis of the average operating costs, items that showed the highest values were the establishment of pasture, electricity, maintenance of pasture and depreciation. As for margins, the systems S1, S2, and S3 were, respectively, R$ 33.46, 1162.55 and 701.01/ha for gross margin; R$ -63.51, 955.40 and 541.05 ha-1 for operating margin; and R$ -583.18, -28.99 and 291.61 ha-1 for total profit. The return was -0.47, 4.37 and 3.01% and profitability was -5.94, 39.92 and 27.38% for the S1, S2 and S3 respectively. The positive result found in the financial evaluation of the three systems studied indicates the economic viability of irrigated pasture in finishing cattle. Irrigation of pasture for finishing cattle is economically feasible, however, its application should always aim high yields husbandry due to their high cost of production.

Reduced hippocampal GABAergic function in Wistar audiogenic rats

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder associated with excitatory and inhibitory imbalance within the underlying neural network. This study evaluated inhibitory γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA)ergic modulation in the CA1 region of the hippocampus of male Wistar rats and Wistar audiogenic rats (aged 90 ± 3 days), a strain of inbred animals susceptible to audiogenic seizures. Field excitatory postsynaptic potentials and population spike complexes in response to Schaffer collateral fiber stimulation were recorded in hippocampal slices before and during application of picrotoxin (50 µM, 60 min), a GABA A antagonist, and the size of the population spike was quantified by measuring its amplitude and slope. In control audiogenic-resistant Wistar rats (N = 9), picrotoxin significantly increased both the amplitude of the population spike by 51 ± 19 percent and its maximum slope by 73 ± 21 percent. In contrast, in slices from Wistar audiogenic rats (N = 6), picrotoxin caused no statistically significant change in population spike amplitude (33 ± 46 percent) or slope (11 ± 29 percent). Data are reported as means ± SEM. This result indicates a functional reduction of GABAergic neurotransmission in hippocampal slices from Wistar audiogenic rats.